If HMPV isn't new and is globally common, why the recent buzz? Here's what you should know
PTC Web Desk: India has reported five cases of the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that has recently gained global attention following an outbreak in China. The virus, known to cause respiratory infections, has been confirmed in Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, and Tamil Nadu. The Union Health Ministry has assured citizens that there is no need to panic, stating that HMPV is not a new virus and is already in circulation globally.
The first two cases were reported in Bengaluru, including a three-month-old baby who has been discharged and an eight-month-old infant currently recovering at a local hospital. The latter tested positive for HMPV on January 3 after being admitted to Baptist Hospital with a history of bronchopneumonia.
Ahmedabad reported the third case, involving a two-month-old infant admitted to Orange Children Hospital on December 24 with symptoms of cold, cough, and breathing difficulties. The infant has since recovered and is ready for discharge, according to Dr. Nirav Patel, a physician at the hospital.
Tamil Nadu has also reported two cases, one each in Chennai and Salem. While the affected infants in Bengaluru and Ahmedabad have no recent travel history, no official statement has been released about the cases in Tamil Nadu.
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has said that HMPV is not a cause for alarm, noting that the virus has been in circulation for years and there has been no unusual surge in cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) in India. The health ministry has reassured the public that the country is well-prepared to manage any potential increase in respiratory illnesses.
Union Health Minister JP Nadda stated, "HMPV spreads through the air and can affect people of all age groups, particularly during winter and early spring. However, there is no reason to worry as the situation is being closely monitored."
Dr. Soumya Swaminathan, former Chief Scientist of the World Health Organization (WHO), said: "HMPV is a known virus that causes mild respiratory infections in most cases. Normal precautions, such as wearing masks, washing hands, avoiding crowded places, and consulting a doctor for severe symptoms, are sufficient," she said in a post on X (formerly Twitter).
HMPV recently gained attention after a surge in cases was reported in China, leading to widespread health concerns. Social media platforms were flooded with images of people wearing masks in hospitals. However, Beijing has clarified that such respiratory infections are a seasonal occurrence, peaking during winter.
Understanding HMPV: Symptoms and spread
According to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HMPV can cause upper and lower respiratory illnesses in people of all ages. However, young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable.
Symptoms commonly associated with HMPV include: Cough, Fever, Nasal congestion and Shortness of breath. In some cases, symptoms may progress to bronchitis or pneumonia, mimicking other respiratory viruses. HMPV is primarily spread through: Respiratory droplets in the air, direct contact with infected individuals and contaminated surfaces.
The health ministry has assured citizens that India’s healthcare system is equipped to handle any potential increase in respiratory illnesses. Citizens are advised to maintain good hygiene practices, avoid crowded spaces, and seek medical consultation for severe respiratory symptoms.
- With inputs from agencies
