Zakir Hussain died due to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: What is this respiratory disease | All you need to know
PTC Web Desk: The world of music suffered a great loss as renowned tabla maestro Zakir Hussain passed away in San Francisco at the age of 73. He succumbed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic lung condition that has drawn attention due to its severity and impact. What is this respiratory disease; its risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options; all you need to know.
What is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a severe lung disorder characterised by thickening and stiffening of the tissues around the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. Over time, this leads to permanent scarring, known as fibrosis, which makes it increasingly difficult for affected individuals to breathe.
The US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH) explains that the exact cause of this condition remains unknown. However, the disease progressively worsens, severely impacting the oxygen exchange process in the lungs.
Causes of IPF
IPF is believed to be caused by a cycle of damage and healing in the lung tissues. When this cycle halts, scar tissues form, leading to fibrosis. While the precise reasons behind these changes are unclear, this scarring significantly hampers oxygen transfer from the lungs to the bloodstream.
In a healthy lung, oxygen effortlessly passes through thin alveoli walls into the capillaries. In IPF, however, the thickened walls obstruct this process, causing breathlessness and reduced oxygen supply to the body.
Risk factors associated with IPF
Certain factors heighten the likelihood of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, including:
Age: The disease primarily affects individuals in their 60s and 70s.
Lifestyle Choices: Smoking is a significant risk factor for IPF.
Gender: Men are more commonly affected by IPF compared to women.
Family History and Genetics: People with a family history of IPF or specific genetic mutations are at higher risk.
Genetic mutations, particularly in the MUC5B gene, have been linked to IPF. This gene plays a role in producing a mucus protein that clears harmful substances from the lungs. A mutated version of this gene is more likely to lead to the development of IPF.
Symptoms of IPF
The symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis can vary but often include:
Shortness of Breath: Initially, breathing difficulties occur during physical activities but worsen over time, making it hard to breathe even at rest.
Persistent Dry Cough: A chronic, uncontrollable cough that fails to improve is a hallmark sign of IPF.
Joint and Muscle Pain: Achy feelings in muscles and joints, though subtle, could signal IPF.
Fatigue and Weakness: Persistent tiredness is a common symptom of the condition.
Unintended Weight Loss: Slow, unintentional weight loss can also indicate IPF.
It is crucial to consult a doctor if these symptoms persist or worsen.
Lifestyle Modifications
Adopting a healthier lifestyle can help slow the disease’s progression and improve overall well-being. Key changes include:
Quitting Smoking: Avoiding tobacco is essential for managing IPF.
Maintaining a Balanced Diet: Eating nutritious foods strengthens the body’s ability to cope with the illness.
Exercising Regularly: Moderate physical activity can improve lung function.
- With inputs from agencies
