Vision issues, muscle loss: Challenges Sunita Williams likely to face post her return to Earth

PTC News Desk: As much as the excitement has engulfed the families of astronauts who are all set to return to Earth after over nine grueling months, tensions also looms large. The unexpected extension has challenged the astronauts' adaptability, requiring them to await the development of a safe return plan. At the same time, the potential long-term impacts on their bodies remain a concern. 

Prolonged exposure to microgravity, radiation, and isolation in space can lead to significant physiological changes, severely affecting muscles, bones, and mental well-being.

Muscle and bone loss in microgravity

According to the doctors, in microgravity muscles especially those in the lower back, legs, and core – lose mass and strength because they are not being used to support body weight. Similarly, bones, particularly in the spine, hips, and legs, undergo mineral loss, increasing the risk of fractures. Upon their return to Earth, astronauts may experience difficulty standing, walking, and balancing as their musculoskeletal systems readjust to gravity.

Impact of cosmic radiation

Excess exposure to cosmic radiation weakens the immune system. Astronauts may subject to infections often with slower healing rate. The risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers also increases. 

Mental health challenges

Prolonged isolation and uncertainty can accelerate stress and anxiety and can even leads to depression. To maintain mental well-being, space agencies implement structured routines, scheduled communications with family and psychologists, and recreational activities like movies, music, and reading.